Identity Theft, Trust Breaches, and the Production of Economic Insecurity

In analyzing the findings of an original qualitative study of identity theft resolution, Jordan Brensinger uncovers the ways in which race and class informed feelings of insecurity and associated coping strategies following identity theft. He develops a theory of insecurity that links feelings of precariousness to breaches of trust at three levels: interpersonal, organizational, and systemic. As organizations expand their use of personal data for consequential decisions, research on breakdowns in information systems will prove similarly crucial to understanding contemporary insecurity, inequality, and the links between them.

Citation

Brensinger, J. (2023). Identity Theft, Trust Breaches, and the Production of Economic Insecurity. American Sociological Review, 88(5), 844-871. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224231189895

Abstract

Across various domains of social life, organizational reliance on personal data and exposure to unanticipated financial hardship have transformed Americans’ life chances and access to opportunities. This article examines an area where they intersect: the hardship caused by breakdowns in information systems. I focus on the case of identity theft, showing how that event—experienced by tens of millions of Americans annually—contributes to economic insecurity. To do so, I first develop a theory of insecurity that links feelings of precariousness to breaches of trust at three levels: interpersonal, organizational, and systemic. Drawing on an original qualitative study of identity theft resolution, I find that most victims worried about their financial lives because they could no longer count on certain people, organizations, or systems. Beneath this commonality, race and class informed feelings of insecurity and associated coping strategies following identity theft. Low-income people and people of color tended to direct suspicion at personal networks and report ending relationships and informal assistance. In contrast, middle- and upper-income and White individuals disproportionately blamed organizations and demanded their protection. These findings—along with the trust-based theory that helped make them visible—have important implications for the study of insecurity, inequality, and trust in the information age.

Jordan Brensinger